Remember that parts per million of gluten is a proportion—ppm tells you how many parts out of a million parts are made up of a contaminant (e.g., gluten). If a product (food or hair wax) contains 20 parts per million (ppm) of gluten it contains close to 0.6 milligrams of gluten in each ounce of product. If a product (food or hair wax) contains 100 ppm gluten it contains close to 3 milligrams of gluten in each ounce of product. But remember, you presumably do not eat hair wax. If you do (joking of course!), the wax probably would impact your ability to breathe long before it caused a gluten reaction.

If you are still concerned you can do what I did during a recent morning and look at the products you use in your hair. In my case—a shampoo, “defrizzer”, and styling wax. Using the styling wax as an example—it is a 1.5 ounce container. It probably lasts me at least 30 days (maybe 60). At 20 ppm gluten, the entire container would contain about 0.9 milligrams gluten. Divided by 30 (days), the amount of gluten used in my hair from this product would be 0.03 milligrams. At 100 ppm gluten, the entire container would contain 4.5 milligrams of gluten. Divided by 30 (days), the amount of gluten used in my hair from this product would be 0.15 milligrams. Now assuming I evenly spread product throughout my hair the amount that would be on any area I touched would be truly microscopic. The amount that would be transferred to my fingers and stay put until I either put my fingers directly in my mouth or touched something going into my mouth would be infinitesimal (never mind that all of us should wash our hands before sticking our fingers in our mouth or preparing food).

Also, keep in mind that Thomas Grace and I recently tested six lipsticks, glosses, and lotions containing various gluten-derived ingredients. Products were tested in duplicate using both the sandwich and competitive R5 ELISAs. In other words each product was tested four times. All tests conducted on all products were below the lower limit of quantification for gluten (5 parts per million of gluten for the sandwich and 10 parts per million of gluten for the competitive).

Individuals with celiac disease have a lot to be concerned about when it comes to gluten. Hair styling products should not be one of them.

© May 15, 2013 by Tricia Thompson, MS, RD. All Rights Reserved.

This article may not be reposted, reprinted, or republished, without the express written permission of Tricia Thompson

My current recommendation when either yeast extract or autolyzed yeast extract is listed as an ingredient in foods NOT labeled gluten-free is to contact the manufacturer and ask whether spent yeast from beer manufacturing is the source. Here’s why…

In 2010 I tested the yeast extract spread Marmite for gluten http://www.glutenfreedietitian.com/newsletter/is-marmite-gluten-free/. Marmite was assessed for gluten contamination as part of preliminary testing for a planned large study on yeast extract derived from brewer’s yeast (the primary ingredient in Marmite is yeast extract from spent yeast arising as a by-product of beer making). Brewer’s yeast, when used as an ingredient in food, may be a by-product of the beer brewing process and as such may be contaminated with malt and grain.

The planned study has not taken place due to lack of funding. If anyone is interested in helping to fund a study on yeast extract, please contact me.

The results of the testing on Marmite are as follows:

Sandwich R5 ELISA
Extraction One: 28 ppm gluten
Extraction Two: 31 ppm gluten

Lower limit of quantification for this assay is 5 ppm gluten

Competitive R5 ELISA*
Extraction One: 3,700 ppm gluten peptide
Extraction Two: 3,400 ppm gluten peptide

Lower limit of quantification for this assay is 1,250 ppm gluten peptide

*At the time this testing was conducted results of the competitive R5 ELISA were reported as gluten peptides.

Health Canadarecently revised their allergen labeling law. Under the new regulations which took effect August 4, 2012, all gluten sources in packaged food products (including barley) must be declared. Barley is now showing up on food labels containing yeast extract. The Canadian Celiac Association (CCA) has done some preliminary testing on yeast extract. As a result of the new allergen regulations and the preliminary test results, the CCA in the latest edition of the Pocket Dictionary Acceptability of Foods & Food Ingredients for the Gluten-Free Diet, is advising individuals with celiac disease to avoid consuming products containing yeast extract when “the ingredient list identifies barley protein as part of yeast extract.”

We do not know at this time how often spent yeast is the source of yeast extract (this is why a large survey of yeast extract manufacturers would come in handy). Unfortunately, in the US barley protein is not included under the Food Allergen Labeling and Consumer Protection Act. So in the US(unlike Canada) there is no way to know from the food label whether the ingredient yeast extract contains barley protein. While this is not cause for undue alarm it is important to clarify with manufacturers whether spent yeast is the source of yeast extract in a food product not labeled gluten-free.

Thank you to Canadian dietitians extraordinaire Alexandra Anca, MHSc., RD and Shelley Case, BSc, RD for help compiling this information.

Copyright © 2013 by Tricia Thompson, MS, RD. All rights reserved. This article may not be reprinted, reposted, or republished without the express written permission of Tricia Thompson.

Topic: “It’s Not Just Food Anymore: An Update on Gluten-Free Alcoholic Beverage Labeling”

Date:  Tuesday, January 22, 2013

Time: 8:30 p.m. EDT / 5:30 p.m. PST

Speaker: Tricia Thompson, MS, RD; The Gluten Free Dietitian, Nutrition Consultant Celiac Disease, Founder Gluten Free Watchdog, LLC

Those newly diagnosed with celiac disease and non-celiac gluten sensitivity almost immediately realize that traditional beer is no longer an option during happy hour. Perhaps the most popular alcoholic beverage, traditional beer is brewed using malted barley. If beer is off limits, what other alcoholic beverages and liquors can a person living gluten-free enjoy? Join NFCA as Tricia Thompson, MS, RD, Founder of GlutenFreeWatchdog.org, reviews a hot topic – current gluten-free labeling policies of alcoholic beverages as proposed by the U.S. Department of the Treasury Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau’s Interim Policy established in May 2012.*

*The TTB has stated that this Interim Policy was released pending a ruling from the FDA. Once the FDA releases a final rule on labeling of food as gluten-free, the TTB will decide whether any revisions are needed.

To register, visit

http://www.celiaccentral.org/community/Upcoming-Events/Upcoming-NFCA-Events/193/month–201301/vobid–8738/

This offer applies to new subscribers who utilize the subscription page at http://www.glutenfreewatchdog.org/subscribe.php. Books can be shipped to US addresses only.

www.CeliacNow.org launches on November 14, 2012

If the above link does not work please try www.celiacnow.com

The Celiac Center at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center in Boston, MA is proud to announce the availability of its free, comprehensive website for the nutritional management of celiac disease. Medical management topics will be added shortly.  This dedicated website is written by expert BIDMC Celiac Center clinicians and our colleagues, and edited by expert gastroenterologists and dietitians. Three different levels are provided for each topic, from very basic to more advanced, to appeal to a variety of readers, including clinicians. We’ve included Key Points, Take Home Messages, graphics, handouts, quizzes, a glossary, and many resources. It is also meant for those with non-celiac gluten sensitivity.

Sign up to receive our Celiac Center emails with topic updates, center events, and research opportunities.

Thank you,

The Clinicians of the Celiac Center

Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center

Boston, MA

www.bidmc.org/celiaccenter

www.CeliacNow.org

Bottom Line: Two bottles of wine aged in oak barrels sealed with a wheat flour paste were tested for gluten using both the sandwich and competitive R5 ELISA. All results were below the lower limit of quantification for gluten for these assays of 5 and 10 parts per million, respectively.

The TTB and Gluten-Free Labeling of Alcohol

On May 24^th 2012 the Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau (TTB) released an interim policy on the labeling of alcoholic beverages under its jurisdiction. The TTB regulates almost all alcoholic beverages. Exceptions include beer made without malted barley, wines containing less than 7% alcohol by volume, and hard ciders containing less than 7% alcohol by volume. The aforementioned beverages are regulated by the Food and Drug Administration.

In the past, the TTB has not allowed gluten-free claims on beverages under their jurisdiction stating the following to me in written correspondence, “The Bureau considers labels that declare a product to be “gluten free” or lead to the impression that a product is safe for those who suffer from celiac disease as making health claims, which are prohibited.”

The new TTB policy contains several changes and clarifications regarding the labeling of alcoholic beverages. This has been driven in part by the beverage industry, some of whom wish to include gluten-free claims on product packaging.

Under the Interim Policy on Gluten Content Statements in the Labeling and Advertising of Wines, Distilled Spirits, and Malt Beverages, the TTB will not allow gluten-free claims to be included on product labels or in product advertising if the alcohol is made with wheat, barley, rye, or crossbred varieties of these grains OR any ingredients derived from these grains. This means that traditional beer made with barley malt can NOT be labeled or advertised as gluten-free. Distilled alcohol that uses wheat, barley, or rye as a starting material can NOT be labeled or advertised as gluten-free.

The Interim Policy goes on to state, “Many alcohol beverage products subject to the FAA Act are produced without any ingredients that contain gluten. For example, a wine fermented from grapes, or a vodka distilled from potatoes, may be “gluten-free” if the producer used good manufacturing practices, took adequate precautions to prevent cross-contamination, and did not use additives, yeast, or storage materials that contained gluten. Under this interim policy, TTB will allow the use of a “gluten-free” claim in the labeling and advertising of such products. As always, it will be the responsibility of the importer or bottler of the product to ensure that the claim is truthful and accurate.”

Based on my interpretation of the policy (refer to bolded section), a vintner would NOT be able to label a wine gluten-free if the product was aged (stored) in oak barrels sealed with a gluten-containing flour paste.

Aging Wine

According to the winery we communicated with, it is standard practice in the wine barrel making business to seal the tops of barrels with a flour paste. We were also told the following:

1. In general, red wines such as Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Zinfandel and red blends at a price point equal or higher than $12.00 tend to be aged a little longer and in actual oak barrels.

2. All wine barrels are made of one oak species which is white oak.

3. Aging wine in barrels is still a widely used practice, although many wineries use barrel alternatives.

4. It is a standard practice in the wine cooperage business to seal the heads of barrels with a flour paste.

5. The staves of the barrels do not need any type of sealant.

6. The amount of flour paste to seal the barrel heads is minimal.

7. Using barrel alternatives for aging wine eliminates the need for the flour paste.

8. However, it is common for wineries to create the final wine blend with a percentage of wine aged in barrels blended with wine aged in barrel alternatives.

Testing

The winery told us the two wines they make that contain the highest percentage of wine aged in oak barrels—Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot. One bottle of each of these wines was purchased from a mail-order company and shipped directly to Bia Diagnostics for testing. Each bottle was tested using the sandwich R5 ELISA (R7001) with cocktail extraction (R7006) and the competitive R5 ELISA (R7021). All tests were run in duplicate (2 extractions).

Cabernet Sauvignon

Sandwich R5 ELISA extraction 1: < 5 ppm gluten

Sandwich R5 ELISA extraction 2: < 5 ppm gluten

Competitive R5 ELISA extraction 1: < 10 ppm gluten

Competitive R5 ELISA extraction 2: < 10 ppm gluten

Merlot

Sandwich R5 ELISA extraction 1: < 5 ppm gluten

Sandwich R5 ELISA extraction 2: < 5 ppm gluten

Competitive R5 ELISA extraction 1: < 10 ppm gluten

Competitive R5 ELISA extraction 2: < 10 ppm gluten

Why Both the Sandwich and Competitive R5 ELISAs Were Used

Wine is a fermented product. When testing a product that has been fermented the competitive ELISA should be used. This is because protein that has gone through fermentation may become hydrolyzed (broken down). If one of the starting materials in an alcohol is wheat, barley, or rye OR if there is concern that contamination may have occurred prior to fermentation OR if hydrolyzed gluten is used as a fining agent, it is very important to use the competitive R5 ELISA. That said, both the Food and Drug Administration and the TTB believe that currently there are no validated methods available to accurately assess the gluten content of fermented products. This is because the competitive R5 ELISA has not been formally validated in a multi-laboratory ring trial.

In the case of wine aged in oak barrels sealed with a wheat flour paste, the situation is somewhat different. Any wheat that might leach into the wine would not be fermented or hydrolyzed. The sandwich R5 ELISA should be able to accurately assess gluten that may have made its way into wine as a result of being aged in this manner.

My Thoughts

Wine has always been considered naturally gluten-free. Wine aged in oak barrels sealed with wheat paste appears to be gluten-free. Because the possibility of gluten in wine is an issue that consumers are slowly becoming aware of, it is important for vintners to be fully transparent about their practices. However, the TTB should consider allowing wine aged in oak barrels sealed with a gluten-containing paste to be labeled gluten-free based on testing with the sandwich R5 ELISA. Because wine is a fermented product, the competitive ELISA also can be used to help ensure that hydrolyzed gluten protein is not present in the final product at levels considered harmful to individuals with celiac disease.

The TTB policy statement is available at http://www.ttb.gov/rulings/2012-2.pdf

© 2012 by Tricia Thompson, MS, RD. All rights reserved. This article may not be reprinted, reposted, or republished without the express written permission of Tricia Thompson.

Arsenic is a naturally occurring element that is found in both organic (carbon-containing) and inorganic (non-carbon-containing) forms. It may be present in soil, water, and air. Inorganic arsenic is a known carcinogen and ingestion may cause an increased risk of certain cancers. Ingestion of inorganic arsenic can also affect the skin and gastrointestinal tract.

Arsenic and the World Health Organization

The World Health Organization (WHO) calls arsenic exposure “a major public health concern.” According to the WHO, inorganic arsenic is very toxic while organic arsenic is less harmful. “Human exposure to elevated levels of inorganic arsenic occurs mainly through the consumption of groundwater containing naturally high levels of inorganic arsenic, food prepared with this water and food crops irrigated with high-arsenic water sources.” Public health measures are called for to decrease exposure to arsenic. While at one time the WHO had a provisional tolerable weekly intake of inorganic arsenic, this provisional intake has been withdrawn and a new tolerable weekly intake has not been set.

Arsenic and Water

The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) have limits on the amount of total arsenic that may be found in drinking water and bottled water, respectively. This amount is 0.01 mg of arsenic per liter or 10 micrograms per liter (10 ppb). Keep in mind though that just because drinking water is allowed to contain 10 ppb arsenic does not mean that it does.

Based on allowed amounts, two liters (approximately 8 cups) of water should contain a maximum of 20 micrograms of total arsenic (arsenic in drinking water is inorganic).

Arsenic and Food

According to the European Food Safety Authority, several foods may contain inorganic arsenic and contribute to an individual’s exposure, including rice and rice-based products. Rice is an issue because it is grown under flooded conditions. This practice leads to the high mobilization of soil arsenic into the rice plant. That rice is a source of inorganic arsenic is particularly concerning to the gluten-free community especially among those who have a largely rice-based diet.

The EPA has set a Reference Dose for chronic oral exposure to inorganic arsenic of 0.0003 mg per kg of body weight per day. The EPA defines the Reference Dose as, “an estimate (with uncertainty spanning perhaps an order of magnitude) of a daily oral exposure to the human population (including sensitive subgroups) that is likely to be without appreciable risk of deleterious noncancer effects during a lifetime.”

What this Means

Using the EPA equation (mg/kg/d) and myself as an example, the math is as follows: Divide weight in pounds by 2.2 (132 /2.2= 60). Then Multiply 60 kg by 0.0003 (60 x 0.0003=0.018). My inorganic arsenic intake from food and water should be limited to 0.018 mg (or 18 micrograms) per day.

Arsenic Test Results

The FDA has not yet set limits for the amount of inorganic arsenic in food. However, the agency is actively investigating the arsenic content of rice and recently released results of analytical testing on rice and rice products. They provided a summary of their findings to date.

The 49 samples of non basmati rice assessed by the FDA had an average inorganic arsenic level of 6.7 micrograms per serving (45 grams/1 cup cooked).

The 52 samples of basmati rice assessed by the FDA had an average inorganic arsenic level of 3.5 micrograms per serving (45 grams dry/1 cup cooked).

The 32 samples of rice cereal assessed by the FDA had an average inorganic arsenic level of 3.5 micrograms per serving (30 grams dry/1 cup).

The 32 samples of rice cakes assessed by the FDA had an average inorganic arsenic level of 5.4 micrograms per serving (30 grams dry/2 rice cakes).

The 28 samples of rice beverages assessed by the FDA had an average inorganic arsenic level of 3.8 micrograms per serving (1 cup).

Steps Concerned Consumers Can Take:

1. Find out how much arsenic is in your tap, well, or bottled water. Knowing this amount will give you some idea of the amount of rice and rice-based products you can eat and still fall within the EPA’s reference dose for inorganic arsenic. For information on tap water, you can call your local water department. If you use well water, you will have to test it for arsenic yourself. If you drink bottled water, you can call the company. Test results on bottled water conducted by the Natural Resources Defense Council are available at: http://www.nrdc.org/water/drinking/bw/appa.asp. Testing was done several years ago.

2. Change the source of and cooking method for rice. If you would like to continue eating rice, Dr. Andrew Meharg from the Institute of Biology and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK and a world renowned expert on arsenic, offered the following advice when I interviewed him in 2009:

a. Source rice from low arsenic areas. California rice is lower in arsenic than South Central rice.

b. Use high water to rice volumes similar to when cooking pasta. Discard the water during cooking. This practice will remove a large portion of the inorganic arsenic.

3. Replace at least some of the rice you eat with other gluten-free grains. Dr. Meharg also recommends not having such a strong dependence on rice products and switching to using other grains if possible. Look  closely at the rice-based products you are eating to see where you can make substitutions. Some suggestions include:

a. Instead of rice cakes try Real Foods Corn Thins http://cornthins.com/prodOriginal.aspx

b. Instead of rice pasta try Mrs. Leeper’s Corn Pasta http://www.mrsleepers.com/products.html,  Ancient Harvest Quinoa Pasta made from corn and quinoa http://www.quinoa.net/145/163.html,  or King Soba Buckwheat Noodles http://www.kingsoba.com/organic-noodles-buckwheat.php.

c. Instead of hot rice cereal try gluten-free oatmeal, Ruth’s Chia Goodness cereal http://www.ruthshempfoods.com/,  Pocono Cream of Buckwheat http://thebirkettmills.com/shop/organic/pocono-cream-of-buckwheat, or teff hot cereal (see recipe below).

d. Instead of ready-to-eat cereal based on rice try Nature’s Path Mesa Sunrise Flakes http://us.naturespath.com/, or Envirokidz Gorilla Munch Cereal http://us.naturespath.com/.

e. Instead of rice-based beverages try soy-based beverages.

f. Try recipes that substitute buckwheat, millet, quinoa, teff, and sorghum for rice.

My Personal Thoughts

I eat a lot of plain rice. It is one of the few foods that sit well in my stomach. When I look at the amount of inorganic arsenic allowed in water, there doesn’t seem to be much room for arsenic in food. However, as already mentioned, just because water is allowed to contain a certain amount of arsenic does not mean that all tap and bottled water contains maximum amounts. This is similar to the issue with gluten-free foods. While up to (but not including) 20 ppm gluten is allowed under the proposed FDA  rule, the vast majority of foods tested through Gluten Free Watchdog are testing below 5 ppm. Having investigated the arsenic levels of my tap and bottled water, I will be decreasing but not giving up completely the rice in my diet.

Words of Wisdom

Over the past couple days I have been communicating with premier arsenic researchers at Dartmouth College. Brian Jackson, PhD, Director of the Trace Element Analysis Core Facility at Dartmouth, wrote the following to me in an email, “It’s important to consider that we are talking about effects of long term low level exposures and these limits are based on extrapolations from effects at higher levels of exposure assuming a worst case linear correlation. Also, not all arsenic in food is inorganic arsenic and not all inorganic arsenic will necessarily be adsorbed by the body. The limits are aimed at reducing population-level health effects and it’s hard to comprehend what that means on an individual basis. Added to that, there may be offsetting health benefits to a gluten free diet. Don’t get me wrong, I think we need much more product testing and limits to remove products that are high in inorganic arsenic; we need to push for more regulation but we don’t need to hit the panic button either.”

Teff Hot Cereal

(Originally published in The Gluten-Free Nutrition Guide by Tricia Thompson. McGraw-Hill; 2008)

If you like hot cereal, then you may want to give this nutritious recipe a try. Cooked teff grain has a nice nutty, chewy texture and a mild flavor.

¾ cup water

¼ cup uncooked teff grain

¼ cup raisins (or any other dried fruit)

1 tablespoon unsweetened dried coconut

1 tablespoon yogurt

1 tablespoon maple syrup

In a small saucepan bring water to a boil. Add teff and raisins. Cover and reduce heat to low (maintain a simmer). Cook until all the water is absorbed. Top with coconut, yogurt, and maple syrup.

Makes 1 serving

References

US Environmental Protection Agency. Arsenic Compounds. 2007. Available at: http://www.epa.gov/ttnatw01/hlthef/arsenic.html

US Environmental Protection Agency. Basic Information about Arsenic in Drinking Water. 2012. Available at: http://water.epa.gov/drink/contaminants/basicinformation/arsenic.cfm.

US Environmental Protection Agency. Inorganic Arsenic. 2007. Available at: http://www.epa.gov/teach/chem_summ/Arsenic_summary.pdf

US Geological Survey. Arsenic in Groundwater in the United States. 2011. Available at: http://water.usgs.gov/nawqa/trace/arsenic/

World Health Organization. Exposure to Arsenic: A Major Public Health Concern. 2010. Available at: http://www.who.int/ipcs/features/arsenic.pdf

US Food and Drug Administration. Bottled Water: Arsenic. 2011. Available at: http://tinyurl.com/4rexje2

US Food and Drug Administration. Arsenic in Rice. 2012. Available at: http://www.fda.gov/Food/FoodSafety/FoodContaminantsAdulteration/Metals/ucm319870.htm

© 2012 by Tricia Thompson, MS, RD. All rights reserved.

This article may not be reprinted, reposted, or republished without the express written permission of Tricia Thompson

Bottom line: None of the six products tested contained quantifiable gluten.

Why we conducted this study

Some individuals with celiac disease are concerned about using cosmetics that may be inadvertently ingested, such as lipsticks and lotions used on the hands. However, there have never been any published reports on the gluten content of cosmetics containing gluten-derived ingredients.

What we tested

Two lip balms, one lip gloss, one lipstick, and two lotions were tested in duplicate for gluten using both the sandwich R5 ELISA with a lower limit of quantification of 5 parts per million of gluten and the competitive R5 ELISA with a lower limit of quantification of 10 parts per million of gluten. The competitive R5 ELISA was used because it detects gluten from ingredients that have been hydrolyzed or partially broken down. In addition, spiked samples were run on three of the samples to make sure that any gluten contained in the products at or above the lower limit of quantification was being extracted.

What we found

Lip balm containing wheat germ oil: sandwich ELISA both extractions < 5 ppm gluten; competitive ELISA both extractions < 10 ppm gluten

Lip balm containing barley extract and wheat germ extract: sandwich ELISA both extractions < 5 ppm gluten; competitive ELISA both extractions < 10 ppm gluten

Lip gloss containing wheat germ extract and barley extract: sandwich ELISA both extractions < 5 ppm gluten; competitive ELISA both extractions < 10 ppm gluten

Lipstick containing wheat bran extract: sandwich ELISA both extractions < 5 ppm gluten; competitive ELISA both extractions < 10 ppm gluten

Lotion containing wheat germ oil: sandwich ELISA both extractions < 5 ppm gluten; competitive ELISA both extractions < 10 ppm gluten

Lotion containing oat kernel flour: sandwich ELISA both extractions < 5 ppm gluten; competitive ELISA both extractions < 10 ppm gluten

What we concluded

“Preliminary test results on a small number of cosmetics containing gluten-derived ingredients found them to contain below quantifiable levels of gluten. A much larger formal study on the gluten content of cosmetics containing ingredients derived from wheat, barley, rye, and oats is needed to draw any definitive conclusions on the gluten content of cosmetics that may be used on the lips and hands. Consumers may be concerned about using products containing ingredients derived from wheat, barely, rye, and oats that may be inadvertently ingested.”

What concerned consumers can do:

1. Read the ingredients listed on cosmetics looking for the words “wheat,” “barley,” “malt,” “rye,” “oat,” “triticum vulgare,” “hordeum vulgare,” “secale cereale,” and “avena sativa.”

2. Look for off-package ingredient lists when the product packaging is too small to include this information on the label.

3. Contact cosmetic manufacturers and ask whether their product contains any ingredients derived from wheat, barley, rye, or oats.

4. Use cosmetics labeled gluten-free.

© 2012 by Tricia Thompson, MS, RD. All rights reserved.

This article may not be reprinted, reposted, or republished without the express written permission of Tricia Thompson

Why the caveats

You may be wondering why there are so many caveats to eating oats: moderate amounts; not contaminated; most individuals. Why isn’t the recommendation simply, “yes, you can eat oats?” The information that follows should address some of these issues…

To continue reading this blog see http://www.glutenfreely.com/community/Gluten-Freely. This blog was written by Tricia Thompson, MS, RD for the General Mills website www.glutenfreely.com.